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Classes & Objects · Lesson 25 of 56

Encapsulation

Source: 8-Class And Objects/8.4-Encapsulation.ipynb

Start here — no coding background needed

What you will learn

Hide internal details — expose only what is safe.

In simple words

Private-ish fields (leading `_`) mean "do not touch from outside unless through methods".

Group data and actions together — used in bigger apps; go slow, use analogies.

Easy example — try this first

Easy example — run this first. Change values and press Run again.

Python

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Reference notes (from full bootcamp)

Optional — deeper detail for when you are ready

Encapsulation And Abstraction

Encapsulation and abstraction are two fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) that help in designing robust, maintainable, and reusable code. Encapsulation involves bundling data and methods that operate on the data within a single unit, while abstraction involves hiding complex implementation details and exposing only the necessary features.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is the concept of wrapping data (variables) and methods (functions) together as a single unit. It restricts direct access to some of the object's components, which is a means of preventing accidental interference and misuse of the data.

Reference example
Python
Output
Expected (from notebook):
'Anshul'

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Reference example
Python
Output
Expected (from notebook):
['__class__',
 '__delattr__',
 '__dict__',
 '__dir__',
 '__doc__',
 '__eq__',
 '__format__',
 '__ge__',
 '__getattribute__',
 '__getstate__',
 '__gt__',
 '__hash__',
 '__init__',
 '__init_subclass__',
 '__le__',
 '__lt__',
 '__module__',
 '__ne__',
 '__new__',
 '__reduce__',
 '__reduce_ex__',
 '__repr__',
 '__setattr__',
 '__sizeof__',
 '__str__',
 '__subclasshook__',
 '__weakref__',
 'age',
 'name']

Runs in your browser via Pyodide — no server. First run may take a few seconds.

Reference example
Python

Runs in your browser via Pyodide — no server. First run may take a few seconds.

Reference example
Python
Output
Expected (from notebook):
['_Person__age',
 '_Person__name',
 '__class__',
 '__delattr__',
 '__dict__',
 '__dir__',
 '__doc__',
 '__eq__',
 '__format__',
 '__ge__',
 '__getattribute__',
 '__getstate__',
 '__gt__',
 '__hash__',
 '__init__',
 '__init_subclass__',
 '__le__',
 '__lt__',
 '__module__',
 '__ne__',
 '__new__',
 '__reduce__',
 '__reduce_ex__',
 '__repr__',
 '__setattr__',
 '__sizeof__',
 '__str__',
 '__subclasshook__',
 '__weakref__',
 'gender']

Runs in your browser via Pyodide — no server. First run may take a few seconds.

Reference example
Python
Output
Expected (from notebook):
Anshul

Runs in your browser via Pyodide — no server. First run may take a few seconds.

Reference example
Python
Output
Expected (from notebook):
Anshul
34
35
Age cannot be negative.

Runs in your browser via Pyodide — no server. First run may take a few seconds.

Practice test — try yourself

Write code, press Check. Wrong answer shows the correct code to copy & run.

You learned "Encapsulation". Use print() to show: Done: Encapsulation

Hint: Use one print() with the exact text.

Python